| 1. |
- Jelica, Darijan, et al.
(author)
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Hourly electricity demand from an electric road system – A Swedish case study
- 2018
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In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 228, s. 141-148
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the hourly electricity demand related to implementing an electric road system (ERS) on five Swedish roads with the highest traffic flows that connect the three largest cities in Sweden. The study also compares the energy demands and the CO2 mitigation potentials of the ERS with the use of carbon-based fuels to obtain the same transportation work, and extrapolates the results to all Swedish European- and National- (E- and N) roads. The hourly electricity demand along the roads are derived by linking 12 available measurement points for hourly road traffic volumes with 12,553 measurement points for the average daily traffic flows along the roads. The results show that applying an ERS to the five Swedish roads with the highest traffic flows can reduce by ∼20% the levels of CO2 emissions from the road transport sector, while increasing by less than 4% the hourly electricity demand on the peak dimensioning hour. Extending the ERS to all E- and N-roads would electrify almost half of the vehicle kilometers driven annually in Sweden, while increasing the load of the hourly peak electricity demand by only ∼10% on average.
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| 2. |
- Sette, Erik, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Magnetic tracer-particle tracking in a fluid dynamically down-scaled bubbling fluidized bed
- 2015
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In: Fuel processing technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 138, s. 368-377
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method for 3-dimensional (3D) magnetic tracer particle tracking in a fluid dynamically downscaled fluidized bed is presented. The method applies anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors to track a magnetic tracer particle in the form of an NdFeB-based permanent magnet. The fluid dynamically downscaled bed has a cross-section of 0.17 × 0.17 m2and is operated at ambient conditions with bronze powder as bulk solids and the tracer particle corresponding to a fuel particle. After up-scaling the bed corresponds to a 0.85 × 0.85 m2 bed of fuel ash or silica sand operated with air at 900 °C using anthracite coal as a fuel. Thus, the method provides continuous tracking of the tracer particle trajectorywhich, combined with the fluid dynamic scaling yields quantitativeinformation applicable to the study of fuel mixing in large-scale fluidized-bed processes operating under hot conditions. Application of the method represents a significant step forward compared to other experimental studies which are limited to qualitative interpretations; performed in 2D units and in cold 3D units which are not fluid dynamically scaled.It is shown that the AMR sensor system is able to work with the (non-magnetic) bronze powder resulting from the fluid dynamical downscaling, i.e. overcoming the limitation in signal penetration which prevents tracking of radioactive objects in such dense media. Thus, successful application of the AMR method for continuous 3D object tracking in a fluid dynamically downscaled unit is demonstrated for the first time. The measurement system provides both translational and rotational data, unleashing possibilities also as a validation tool of CFD models. The preliminary results show a spatial resolution on the order of 1 mm, while temporal resolution is on the order of milliseconds.
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| 3. |
- Thuvander, Liane, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Spatial exploration of the refurbishment dynamics of urban housing stocks
- 2015
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In: CUPUM 2015 - 14th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management. - : CUPUM. - 9780692474341
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates previous refurbishment activities linked to spatial distribution of individual buildings. The work identifies where larger changes has been made (or not), to what extent and in relation to type of ownership. A specific aim is to test selected parameters from the Swedish Property register to analyze refurbishments using the multi-family residen-tial building stock of the city of Gothenburg, 7172 buildings, as an example. The stock has been divided into six age-classes: before 1931, 1931-1945, 1946-1960, 1961-1975, 1976-1990, and 1991-2005. Extensive refurbish-ment activities were carried out in the stock constructed before 1946. Almost half of the stock has not been refurbished to a larger extent. There is no clear relation between type of ownership and larger refurbishments for the total stock, however the tenant owned stock is less refurbished for the periods covering 1931-1975. The property register is a valuable source for studying major refurbishment activities in lager stocks. Further studies are needed to obtain a more nuanced picture of the refurbishment activities.
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| 4. |
- Österbring, Magnus, 1986, et al.
(author)
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A differentiated description of building-stocks for a georeferenced urban bottom-up building-stock model
- 2016
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In: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 120, s. 78-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several building-stock modelling techniques have been employed to investigate the impact of energy efficiency measures (EEM), where the description of the building-stock generally consists of an age-type classification to specify building characteristics for groups of buildings. Such descriptions lack the appropriate level of detail to differentiate the potential for EEM within age groups. This paper proposes a methodology for building-stock description using building-specific data and measured energy use to augment an age-type building-stock classification. By integrating building characteristics from energy performance certificates, measured energy use and envelope areas from a 2.5D GIS model, the building-stock description reflects the heterogeneity of the building-stock. The proposed method is validated using a local building portfolio (N = 433) in the city of Gothenburg, where modelled results for space heating and domestic hot water are compared to data from measurements, both on an individual building level and for the entire portfolio. Calculated energy use based on the building-stock description of the portfolio differ less than 3% from measured values, with 42% of the individual buildings being within a 20% margin of measured energy use indicating further work is needed to reduce or quantify the uncertainty on a building level.
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